Kvant Russian manned space station module. Designation given to the entire Mir space station. Mir complex Russian manned space station. Kept flying over a decade beyond its rated life, Mir proved a source of pride to the Russian people and proved the ability of their cosmonauts and engineers to improvise and keep operations going despite all manner of challenges and mishaps. It cost $220 to $240 million per year to keep in operation. The Mir complex in the end consisting of 7 modules with 11.5 metric tons of scientific equipment. As the Soviet Union collapsed Mir stayed in orbit, but the final modules were were delivered years late and could only be completed with American financial assistance. It was built to last only five years, and consisted of a station core derived from the Salyut space station, with docking ports to accomodate additional modules for specialized research. Mir The Mir space station was the last remnant of the once mighty Soviet space program. See entries for Kvant-2, Priroda, Spektr, and Kristall for details on each. Mir Modules-FGB Russian space station modules derived from the Chelomei TKS ferry. However the crews were able to conduct significant military experiments due to the greatly increased volume and payload of the TKS modules diverted from the cancelled Almaz program that docked with the station. Salyut 7 was the back-up article for Salyut 6 and very similar in equipment and capabilities. Salyut 7 Russian manned space station, launched. A later version of the 37K design for military experiments, the NPG Retained Payload, would be mounted in the payload bay of Buran and connected to the orbiter's cockpit area by an access tunnel. A later version of the 37K design for civilian experiments, the LO Laboratory Compartment, would be retained in the payload bay of Buran and connected to the orbiter's cockpit area by an access tunnel. Would have been launched by Proton and delivered and docked to the Mir station by a new lighter weight FGO tug. It was not equipped with its own propulsion system.ģ7KS Russian manned space station module. The basic 37K design consisted of a 4.2 m diameter pressurized cylinder with a docking port at the forward end. It was aloft for four years and ten months, completing 27,785 orbits of the earth.ģ7K-Mir Russian manned space station.
#SPACE STATION SERIES#
The Salyut 6 space station was the most successful of the DOS series prior to Mir. Salyut 6 Russian manned space station, launched. Designation give to combined TKS+OPS Almaz station. The Mir-2 space station was originally authorized in the February 1976 resolution setting forth plans for development of third generation Soviet space systems. Four of the initial DOS-1 versions of a civilian Soviet space station were built using converted Almaz military stations. Vladimir Chelomei's Almaz OPS was the only manned military space station ever actually flown. Launched 1971.Īlmaz OPS Russian manned space station. Salyut 1 was the first DOS long duration orbital station, an Almaz spaceframe modified with Soyuz systems by a joint Korolev-Chelomei team. The culmination of ten years of designs for N1-launched space stations, the MKBS would be cancelled together with the N1. By 1969 the giant OS-1 space station had evolved to this configuration. OS-1 (1969) Russian manned space station. To determine the usefulness of manned military space flight, two projects were pursued in the second half of the 1960's. Soyuz VI Russian manned combat spacecraft. It was to consist of an the 11F71 small orbital station and the 11F72 Soyuz 7K-TK manned ferry. A military reconnaissance version of Soyuz, developed by Kozlov at Samara from 1963-1966. OS-1 (1965) Russian manned space station. Korolev's next attempt to win military support for development of the N-I was his fantastic 'Orbitalniy Poyas' (OP -Orbital Belt) scheme of 20 April 1962. This contained the original Soyuz L1 circumlunar design. On 10 March 1962 Korolev approved the technical project "Complex docking of spacecraft in earth orbit - Soyuz". The Vostok-Zh (or Vostok-7) maneuverable manned satellite was piloted by a single 'cosmonaut assemblyman'. The TKS (Heavy Space Station, also known as TOSZ - Heavy Orbital Station of the Earth) was Korolev's first 1961 project for a large N1-launched military space station. TKS Heavy Space Station Russian manned space station. In 1960 Korolev proposed a military orbital station (OS), with a crew of 3 to 5, orbiting at 350 to 400 km altitude. Left to right, top to bottom: MPK, TMK-1, Mavr TMK-E early concept, TMK-E final design two alternate MEK designs MK-700 Mars 1986 Kurchatov Mars 1989 design RKK Energia solar-powered Mars 1989 design NII-TP/Keldysh Mars 1994 design.
Soviet designs for Mars expeditions to a common scale.
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